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NVIDIA-Certified Professional AI Networking Sample Questions (Q18-Q23):

NEW QUESTION # 18
What are the two general user account types in MLNX-OS?
Pick the 2 correct responses below:

A. enable
B. viewer
C. monitor
D. admin

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
MLNX-OS, the operating system for NVIDIA's networking devices, defines two primary user account types:
adminandmonitor. Theadminaccount has full administrative privileges, allowing for complete configuration and management of the system. Themonitoraccount, on the other hand, is designed for users who need to view system configurations and statuses without making any changes. This separation ensures a clear distinction between users who manage the system and those who monitor its operations.
Reference Extracts from NVIDIA Documentation:
* "There are two user roles or account types: admin and monitor. As 'admin', the user is privileged to run all the available commands. As 'monitor', the user can run commands that show system configuration and status, or set terminal settings." MLNX-OS is the network operating system used on NVIDIA's Mellanox Ethernet switches, including the Spectrum family (e.g., Spectrum-4 switches in the Spectrum-X platform), designed for high-performance Ethernet networking in AI and HPC data centers. MLNX-OS provides a command-line interface (CLI) for configuring and managing switch operations, with user accounts controlling access to various commands and functions. The question asks for the two general user account types in MLNX-OS, which define the primary privilege levels for user access.
According to NVIDIA's official MLNX-OS documentation, the two general user account types in MLNX-OS are:
* monitor: This account type has read-only access, allowing users to view configurations, status, and logs but not modify settings. It is used for monitoring and troubleshooting without risking unintended changes.
* admin: This account type has full read-write access, enabling users to view and modify all configurations, execute commands, and manage the switch's operations. It is intended for administrators with complete control over the system.
These two account types represent the primary privilege levels in MLNX-OS, providing a clear distinction between read-only monitoring and full administrative access.
Exact Extract from NVIDIA Documentation:
"MLNX-OS supports two primary user account types for managing switch operations:
* monitor: Users with monitor privileges have read-only access to the system. They can view configuration details, system status, and logs but cannot make changes to the configuration.
* admin: Users with admin privileges have full read-write access, allowing them to configure, manage, and troubleshoot all aspects of the switch, including executing privileged commands.These account types ensure secure and controlled access to the switch's management functions."-NVIDIA MLNX-OS User Manual This extract confirms that options B (monitor) and C (admin) are the correct answers. These account types are the standard privilege levels in MLNX-OS, used to manage access for monitoring and administrative tasks on Spectrum switches, including those in Spectrum-X deployments.

NEW QUESTION # 19
You are troubleshooting a Spectrum-X network and need to ensure that the network remains operational in case of a link failure. Which feature of Spectrum-X ensures that the fabric continues to deliver high performance even if there is a link failure?

A. RoCE Congestion Control
B. RoCE Adaptive Routing
C. NVIDIA NetQ
D. RoCE Performance Isolation

Answer: B

Explanation:
RoCE Adaptive Routing is a key feature of NVIDIA Spectrum-X that ensures high performance and resiliency in the network, even in the event of a link failure. This technology dynamically reroutes traffic to the least congested and operational paths, effectively mitigating the impact of link failures. By continuously evaluating the network's egress queue loads and receiving status notifications from neighboring switches, Spectrum-X can adaptively select optimal paths for data transmission. This ensures that the network maintains high throughput and low latency, crucial for AI workloads, even when certain links are down.
Reference Extracts from NVIDIA Documentation:
* "Spectrum-X employs global adaptive routing to quickly reroute traffic during link failures, minimizing disruptions and preserving optimal storage fabric utilization."
* "RoCE Adaptive Routing avoids congestion by dynamically routing large AI flows away from congestion points. This approach improves network resource utilization, leaf/spine efficiency, and performance."

NEW QUESTION # 20
What are two methods for accessing the operating system on a BlueField DPU?
Pick the 2 correct responses below

A. Via the Redfish API
B. Via the networking interfaces (data ports) in NIC mode
C. Via the rshim interface over the PCIe bus
D. Via rshim over a USB connection on the host

Answer: C,D

Explanation:
Accessing theBlueField DPU Operating System (OS)is possible throughrshim, either over PCIe or USB, and viaSSH through the OOB interfacewhen in DPU mode.
From theNVIDIA BlueField Software Documentation:
"You can access the BlueField OS through the rshim interface. The rshim module enables host-to-DPU communication either via PCIe (default) or USB."
* B. rshim over PCIe: Default when BlueField is installed in a host.
* D. rshim over USB: Useful for provisioning or systems without PCIe drivers.
Incorrect Options:
* A (NIC mode): BlueField acts as a transparent NIC; OS access is not available to the host.
* C (Redfish): Redfish is for out-of-band management, not direct OS-level access.
Reference: Accessing BlueField OS - rshim via PCIe and USB Methods

NEW QUESTION # 21
You need to configure a bond in Cumulus Linux. Which command should you use?

A. nv set interface bond1 bond mode lacp
B. nv set interface bond1 bond mlag enable
C. nv set interface bond1 bond member swp1-4
D. nv set bondbond1 interface member swp1-4

Answer: A

Explanation:
In Cumulus Linux, configuring a bond interface with Link Aggregation Control Protocol (LACP) involves setting the bond mode to 'lacp'. The correct command to achieve this is:
nv set interface bond1 bond mode lacp
This command sets the bonding mode of 'bond1' to LACP, enabling dynamic link aggregation for increased bandwidth and redundancy.
Reference Extracts from NVIDIA Documentation:
* "To reset the link aggregation mode for bond1 to the default value of 802.3ad, run the nv set interface bond1 bond mode lacp command."

NEW QUESTION # 22
Why is the InfiniBand LRH called a local header?

A. It provides the parameters for each local HCA.
B. It allows traffic on a local link only.
C. It provides the LIDs from the local subnet manager.
D. It is used for routing traffic between nodes in the local subnet.

Answer: D

Explanation:
TheLocal Route Header (LRH)in InfiniBand is termed "local" because it is used exclusively for routing packets within a single subnet. The LRH contains the destination and source Local Identifiers (LIDs), which are unique within a subnet, facilitating efficient routing without the need for global addressing. This design optimizes performance and simplifies routing within localized network segments.
InfiniBand is a high-performance, low-latency interconnect technology widely used in AI and HPC data centers, supported by NVIDIA's Quantum InfiniBand switches and adapters. The Local Routing Header (LRH) is a critical component of the InfiniBand packet structure, used to facilitate routing within an InfiniBand fabric. The question asks why the LRH is called a "local header," which relates to its role in the InfiniBand network architecture.
According to NVIDIA's official InfiniBand documentation, the LRH is termed "'local' because it contains the addressing information necessary for routing packets between nodes within the same InfiniBand subnet." The LRH includes fields such as the Source Local Identifier (SLID) and Destination Local Identifier (DLID), which are assigned by the subnet manager to identify the source and destination endpoints within the local subnet. These identifiers enable switches to forward packets efficiently within the subnet without requiring global routing information, distinguishing the LRH from the Global Routing Header (GRH), which is used for inter-subnet routing.
Exact Extract from NVIDIA Documentation:
"The Local Routing Header (LRH) is used for routing InfiniBand packets within a single subnet. It contains the Source LID (SLID) and Destination LID (DLID), which are assigned by the subnet manager to identify the source and destination nodes in the local subnet. The LRH is called a 'local header' because it facilitates intra-subnet routing, enabling switches to forward packets based on LID-based forwarding tables."
-NVIDIA InfiniBand Architecture Guide
This extract confirms that option A is the correct answer, as the LRH's primary function is to route traffic between nodes within the local subnet, leveraging LID-based addressing. The term "local" reflects its scope, which is limited to a single InfiniBand subnet managed by a subnet manager.
Reference:LRH and GRH InfiniBand Headers - NVIDIA Enterprise Support Portal

NEW QUESTION # 23
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